Orbital Waveguide Merging and Bonding Behavior in Deformable Vacuum Geometry
Abstract
This paper investigates the implications of the Electromagnetic Permittivity Variation and Orbital Dynamics (EPVOD) framework for chemical bonding, focusing on ionic and covalent bonds. It proposes that orbital shells act as dynamic electromagnetic waveguides within a harmonically deformed vacuum. The merging or coupling of these orbital waveguides between atoms can explain molecular bonding. Furthermore, the paper explores the hypothesis that the apparent attractive and repulsive forces observed in chemical bonding and crystalline lattice formation may originate from spacetime deformation gradients analogous to zero-point repulsion, offering a deterministic alternative to quantum mechanical force descriptions.
1. Introduction
Traditional quantum chemistry interprets bonding behavior through probabilistic electron sharing and electrostatic interactions. EPVOD offers a complementary perspective: orbital shells are spatially resonant structures formed by localized permittivity and permeability variations in the vacuum. These shells behave as harmonic waveguides, deforming space around them. When atoms approach one another, overlapping spacetime resonances induce coupling effects that result in bond formation.
2. Orbital Shell Coupling
2.1 Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonds are modeled as synchronized standing-wave harmonics between adjacent nuclei. The coupled orbital waveguides form shared resonant paths, minimizing spatial tension through constructive harmonic overlap. The shared wavefront stabilizes in a region of superposed low-tension geometry, forming a stable molecular bond.
2.2 Ionic Bonding
In ionic systems, a highly deformed vacuum near a nucleus with excess energy density (positive ion) attracts an electron-shell deformation from another atom. The permittivity and permeability gradients between the two atoms create an energy minimum for electron occupancy near the more deformed region. This forms a unidirectional coupling of orbital waveguides, stabilized by the harmonic alignment of the electron's waveguide with the attracting nucleus.
3. Crystalline Lattice Forces
Crystals form through periodic arrangement of atoms in energy-minimizing spatial structures. Within EPVOD, the lattice stability arises from balanced spacetime tension between adjacent orbital waveguides. Deformations from each nucleus interact through overlapping harmonic gradients.
3.1 Repulsive Limit
When nuclei are brought too close, harmonic deformations constructively interfere, generating steep gradients in spacetime tension that function as a repulsive barrier. This is analogous to zero-point energy repulsion in quantum systems but arises here from geometric strain in overlapping vacuum deformation fields.
3.2 Attractive Limit
At equilibrium spacing, interference between deformations is harmonically constructive, stabilizing a lower-energy geometry. This naturally explains equilibrium bond lengths and lattice spacing as minima in tension gradients, rather than requiring abstract force terms.
4. Predictive Capability
- Bond Angles and Lengths: Predictable from overlapping waveguide harmonics.
- Charge Transfer Directionality: Follows tension gradient vectors.
- Material Hardness and Elasticity: Arise from resilience of harmonic waveguide networks under compression.
5. Conclusion
Bonding is recast in this model as a function of vacuum geometry deformation. Orbital shells are resonant waveguides whose interactions are determined by harmonic alignment and gradient equilibrium. The apparent forces between atoms are reinterpreted as geometric phenomena, not particle-level actions. This provides a continuous, causal description of bonding consistent with EPVOD and offers measurable predictions for chemical and crystalline behavior.
Next Paper Preview
The next document will examine molecular vibrational modes as perturbations of the harmonic vacuum structure, relating spectroscopic signatures to curvature oscillations in the EPVOD framework.